The optimal goal of Vietnamese
enterprises, 90 percent of which are small and medium ones with scanty money,
is to fulfill the business plan. They nearly do not have the budgets to spend
to renovate equipment and apply clean technologies in the production.
However, the government of
Vietnam has set up a relatively high goal for the green industry development.
Under the plan, Vietnam would
have the total value of hi-tech and green-tech products accounting for 42-45
percent of GDP (gross domestic products). Especially, it strives to have 80
percent of production workshops meeting the environmental standards and 50
percent applying clean technologies in the production process.
While Vietnam sets a very high
goal, it is now at a very low starting point. According to Nguyen Dinh Hiep,
Deputy Director of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of
Industry and Trade, the energy efficiency of the Vietnamese production remains
very low.
In coal run thermopower plants,
for example, the efficiency is measured at 28-32 percent, or 10 percent lower
than that in other countries. The performance of industrial boilers is 60
percent, or 20 percent lower than the world’s average level.
In order to make one ton of steel
from iron, Vietnamese steel mills needs 13 million Kcal, which is triple the
average level in the world. If compared with Thailand and Malaysia, the energy
use in industries in Vietnam is 1.5-1.7 times higher.
A question has been raised that
if Vietnamese enterprises would be brave enough to sacrifice the profits for
environment friendly products, and if they would spend money to utilize
advanced technologies to protect the environment.
According to the Industrial
Policy Institute, an arm of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, to date,
Vietnam has had only three products granted green labels, namely Tide detergent
of Proter & Gamble, compact lamps straight tube fluorescent lamps of the
Dien Quang Lamp Company.
Meanwhile, South Korea has up to
9000 products labeled as green products.
Experts say one of the biggest
obstacles that may hinder the implementation of the green industry development
strategy is the lack of a perfect legal framework on the environment protection.
Though the legal documents have
been amended many times, they still cannot ensure the tight enforcement of the
laws. Meanwhile, the punishments stipulated in the laws cannot deter violators.
Most importantly, businesses
still have not got ready to change their thoughts from optimizing profits to
increasing investments and reducing profits to green the production process,
even though they understand this is the right way for sustainable development.
Manuel Albaladejo from UNIDO has
noted that the efforts to implement policies by the government of Vietnam
usually target big enterprises, while they should have targeted small and
medium enterprises, because the enterprises are the main factors that cause the
environment pollution.
Pham Hoang Mai, Director of the
Science, Education, Natural Resources and the Environment Department of the
Ministry of Planning and Investment, believes that the green economy
development plan should be implemented on the basis of financial encouragement
policies. Vietnam should restrict the economic branches which may cause big
wastes, while it should give financial support to new green industries.
DDDN
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