In one of Manila's sprawling slums, Clarita is busy
making lunch for her family.
She has 10 children and making
sure they do not go hungry is a daily struggle.
Down a narrow alleyway another
desperately poor woman has eight children. Another woman just round the corner
has nine.
It is hardly surprising then
that the Philippines has the highest birth rate in South East Asia. In 1990
there were 60 million Filipinos. Now there are more than 95 million.
Like her neighbours and more
than 80% of the population, Clarita is a Catholic.
She regularly attends church
and has a picture of Jesus Christ and a bible verse taped on to the wall of the
one small room in which the family live.
But recently she has begun to
think that, on one matter at least, the Church is wrong.
"I used to believe in the
Church's teachings about having lots of children," she says.
"But now I really think we
should have family planning."
'Happily out of step'
In theory, it is easy to get
contraception in the Philippines. You can buy the female pill over the counter
at any pharmacy and virtually every corner shop sells condoms.
But for someone like Clarita,
these options are far too expensive. A packet of condoms would cost her almost
as much as her weekly food bill.
That is why the government has
put forward a reproductive health bill that includes a provision to give out
free contraception and family planning advice to couples that want it.
But the bill is facing fierce
opposition from the Church.
"It's not the business of
government to be promoting contraceptive devices," says Bishop Teodoro
Bacani.
"It's like the government
saying it will pass a law which will fund the promotion of pork-eating among
the Muslims. Can you imagine what an uproar there would be among the Muslim
population?"
While many Catholic countries
are debating whether to allow abortion, that issue is not under discussion
here. Everyone in this debate knows that a bill to legalise abortion would have
little support.
This is purely about
contraception, which according to many senior bishops is almost as bad as
abortion anyway, because anything that prevents a sperm meeting an egg prevents
a potential birth.
Bishop Bacani said he realised
the Philippines was out of step with the rest of the world, saying: "We
are… and happily so."
This is not a belief that is
confined to the clergy. Many senior members of society - politicians, media
commentators, businessmen - are openly siding with the bishops.
And every Sunday, churches are
packed with people listening to the message from the pulpit - and frequently
that message involves the reproductive health bill.
'Refuse to hear'
But supporters of the bill say
you only need to go into a government-run hospital to see why the country
simply cannot cope with so many births.
In the Jose Fabella Hospital,
near Manila's seafront, there can sometimes be more than 200 women and their
babies in a ward - and often two or even three women have to share a bed.
"Mothers just lie down
alternately - one will sit, the other will lie down," says Christina, one
of only three nurses on the ward.
It is understandable why, in
October, the United Nations chose the hospital as one of several locations
around the world to mark the birth of the seven billionth baby.
This is not an issue which has
caught Philippine politicians unaware. The bill currently being debated in
Congress is the fourth family planning proposal that has has been put forward.
The other three times, the
Church and its political allies managed to block the plans from ever becoming
law.
But supporters of the bill hope
that, this time, the situation will be different.
In the past, the sitting
president was either against contraception or tried to abstain from such a
controversial debate. But President Benigno Aquino is one of the main backers
of the current bill.
Speaking of his own Catholic
faith, Mr Aquino said: "We're taught that when you come before the
Almighty, you will be asked: 'What have you done to the least of your
brethren?'
"I cannot in good
conscience say we saw the problem and we refused to see it, we refused to talk
about it, we refused to hear it. That would be criminal, against the oath that
I subscribe to. That would be against the teachings of the Church I belong
to."
It is a risky strategy for the
president to take. He insists he does not want an argument with the Church, but
he looks set to have one all the same. The bishops have vowed to fight the bill
to the bitter end.
And they have an important, if
slightly unexpected, ally in the champion boxer-turned-congressman Manny
Pacquiao, who says contraception is against God's will and that it will not get
people out of poverty - only stamping out corruption can do that.
His argument may have been
undermined somewhat by his wife Jinkee's admission that she has been taking
birth-control pills, but it is impossible to understate Manny Pacquiao's
influence in the Philippines.
He is without a doubt the most
famous person in the country - his face shines down from many of Manila's
advertising hoardings, and some of his fans treat him like a demigod.
So the reproductive health bill
is now dividing Church and state, and pitting the president against the most
popular person in the country.
As every nuance is debated in
parliament, Philippine Catholics know that somehow, they need to find a way to
reconcile their faith with the reality of life for the country's poor.
Kate McGeown
BBC News, Manila
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