According to Nguyen Hong Tien from the Ministry of Construction, by August 2011, Vietnam had had 755 urban areas with the urbanization rate of 31 percent which would rise to 50 percent by 2025. However, the high water loss level, which was 25 percent in 2011, would be a big challenge for the urbanization process in Vietnam.
Besides, the water pollution has become more and more serious. In Hanoi, only 5-7 percent of waste water is treated before discharging to the environment, while about 500,000 cubic meters of waste water discharge directly to the rivers without any treatment.
The current operational waste water treatment factories in the urban areas have the total capacity of 565,000 cubic meters per day. However, the poor water drainage system remains a big reason which causes the serious pollution to the water sources, both the surface and underground water.
At present, the drainage systems are being used for both the rain water and waste water, which is the popular model applied in all provinces and cities.
The lack of waste water treatment systems can also be seen in industrial zones. A survey conducted in 2009 showed that only 74 out of the 171 industrial zones had waste water treatment works with the total capacity of 453,180 cubic meters per day.
Currently, 70 percent of the one million cubic meters of waste water are being discharged directly to the environment from the industrial zones without any treatment.
Minister of Construction Trinh Dinh Dung said that Vietnam is facing big challenges caused by the rapid urbanization process. The government has released the plan to develop water drainage system in urban areas and industrial zones by 2025 with the vision until 2050, which says that by 2025, the regular flooding in urban areas would be settled.
The plan also says that by that time, the operation scale of the rain water drainage system would be expanded to 90-95 percent, while 100 percent of the urban areas at the fourth and higher classes would have concentrated waste water collection and treatment systems.
Seeking new technologies
Dr Ludo Diels from Belgium introduced the 8 suggested measures to treat waste water at a recent workshop held in HCM City, affirming that all the measures allow saving costs and the energy for the waste water treatment process.
Commenting about the measures, Tran Anh Duc, Deputy General Director of Koastal Eco Industry Company said that Belgium enterprises have experience in waste water treatment, and that Belgian technologies are reliable. However, Duc said that the high costs always exist as a barrier to access its technology. If a solution can be found to settle the problem, Vietnam would be able to feel secure to use Belgian technologies.
According to Pham Gia Minh, Director of the Investment and Trade Consultancy Company, Vietnam has been using electricity to filter water. Meanwhile, the Belgian technologies allow using the organic matters in the waste water, which ferments and turns into gas, as the energy for the water filtration. This would allow to reduce the costs by 50 percent.
Minh went on to say that he is considering cooperating with Belgian partners. The Belgian side would provide technologies and the core solutions, while his company would provide the hardware, installation and training services.
Source: TBTKSG
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