Jun 1, 2012

USA - Senator Lugar’s Departure: Implications for the Southeast Asia Quotient of the Senate

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Senator Richard Lugar’s loss in the May 8 Indiana Republican primary to State Treasurer Richard Mourdock will remove from the Senate one of the most knowledgeable and active proponents of strong U.S. ties with Southeast Asia. His departure will also prompt a reshuffle of the Republican leadership on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

Lugar, a six-term senator, one-time Rhodes scholar at Oxford and former U.S. Navy intelligence briefer, has served on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee since 1985, currently as ranking Republican and twice as the committee’s chairman. Known as a moderate, bipartisan lawmaker, the 80-year-old Lugar will be remembered most for promoting arms control, working to contain nuclear proliferation, fashioning coherent U.S. energy policies, confronting the global food crisis, and championing free trade.

In a statement released after Lugar’s defeat, President Barack Obama said, “While Dick and I didn’t always agree on everything, I found during my time in the Senate that he was often willing to reach across the aisle and get things done.”

Lugar was long one of the Senate’s foremost experts on foreign affairs. When he assumed the chair of the Foreign Relations Committee in 2003 for the second time, he gave a press conference for foreign journalists, which he began with a 20-minute overview of key issues from every region of the world, including Asia. He effortlessly ticked off the names of leaders and key facts about many countries, all without notes. He then fielded questions, ranging from China to Africa to Brazil and back to North Korea and Russia, for another 45 minutes without skipping a beat.

Senator Lugar has stressed the importance of Southeast Asia since he joined the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in 1985. The following year he played a pivotal role in persuading President Ronald Reagan to abandon support for President Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines, leading eventually to his peaceful ouster and the country’s return to democracy.The senator was among the first to recognize the evolving strategic importance of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and in 2006, he authored legislation creating the position of U.S. ambassador for ASEAN affairs. He later worked to generate bipartisan support for the position, paving the way for the United States to be the first country to appoint an envoy to ASEAN based in Jakarta, where the grouping’s secretariat is housed.

As a long-time proponent of free trade and aware of ASEAN’s growing economic importance as the United States’ fourth-largest trading partner, Lugar proposed legislation twice, in 2009 and again in 2011, calling on the administration to initiate talks on a U.S.-ASEAN free trade agreement.

The three senators considered to be in line for Lugar’s position as top Republican on the Foreign Relations Committee are Bob Corker (R-TN), James Risch (R-ID), and Marco Rubio (R-FL). These three senators have not yet developed a public reputation on Asia, although Corker has expressed concern about developments in North Korea.

If the Republicans take control of the Senate in the November elections—they need four seats to do so—Lugar’s successor could become chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee. In that scenario, his successor would replace Senator John Kerry (D-MA), a Vietnam War veteran who has extensive experience in and knowledge of Asia generally and Southeast Asia in particular.  Kerry and Lugar worked together effectively, a clear but too rare example of bipartisanship focused on promoting the national interests of the United States.

Two other senators with vast experience in Asia are retiring at the end of the year: Jim Webb (D-VA), chairman of the Asia Subcommittee and a strong proponent of engagement with Myanmar, and Joseph Lieberman (I-CT). Christopher “Kit” Bond (R-MO), who was long actively involved in Southeast Asia, and Chuck Hagel (R-NE), a veteran of the Vietnam war, retired in 2010.  Before them, active leaders on US engagement in Southeast Asia like Sam Nunn (D-GA) and William Cohen (R-ME) left the upper chamber of Congress.

The Senate will depend heavily on stalwart leaders like John Kerry and John McCain and will have to groom a new crop of Asia experts to replace those who are leaving or have already left as the administration rebalances its policy toward Asia and strives to strengthen a solid foundation in Southeast Asia.

Murray Hiebert is a senior fellow and deputy director of the Southeast Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington, D.C. MeiLee Dozier is a researcher with the CSIS Southeast Asia Program.

Murray Hiebert and MeiLee Dozier


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