Some Vietnamese
scientists have said that they were surprised to learn that Vietnam has been
placed second on the 2012 Happy Planet Index (HPI), after Costa Rica, by the
New Economics Foundation (NEF).
The
2012 HPI report ranked 151 countries and is the third edition of the index.
According to its website, the Happy Planet Index (HPI) measures what matters:
the extent to which countries deliver long, happy, sustainable lives to the
people that live in them.
The
Index uses global data on three criteria: life expectancy (LE), experienced
well-being (EW) and Ecological Footprint (EF) to calculate this. It ranks
countries on how many long and happy lives they produce per unit of
environmental input.
According
to this years’ ranking, Vietnam’ s LE, EW and EF are 5.8, 75.2 and 1.4
respectively, leading to a score of 60.4, just behind Costa Rica, who topped
the list with a score of 64. This result marked a rise for Vietnam compared to
its 12th and 5th place ranks in 2006 and 2009, respectively.
However,
some experts told the media that if the country’s rank means that Vietnamese
people are the second happiest in the world, this is hard to believe.
Assoc.
Prof. Dr. Nguyen Minh Hoa said the NEF should have announced the number of
people it had interviewed in each country and the content of the interview,
while adding that the concept of happiness varies from country to country, from
person to person, and from religion to religion.
There
is not enough data provided for everybody to believe in the accuracy of the
ranking. It is possible that nobody will believe that Vietnam is the country
whose people are the second happiest one in the world, and some people may
consider it a joke, Hoa told Lao Dong Newspaper.
The
“experienced well-being” factor by itself is not enough to be a basis on which
to say whether Vietnamese people are happy in life or not. In fact, Vietnamese
people easily accept their lives, he said.
Regarding
longevity, only a small part of Vietnam’s population lives a long life, while
the remaining majority is at high risk of diseases, traffic accidents and other
dangers.
“In
my opinion happiness is not only being content with what you have, but it
should first be the peacefulness you feel in life. In fact, most Vietnamese
people usually face pressure in many fields including health, psychology, work
and study, so it is hard for them to feel at ease. As for ecological
footprints, it is hard to say that the environment in Vietnam is less polluted
than most other countries”, Hoa said.
Vietnam’s
rank under the NEF’s HPI is very different from its rank on the list of “The
World's Happiest Countries” announced by Forbes Magazine in 2010 after the
publication surveyed thousands of respondents in 155 countries. Vietnam ranked
96th on that list, he said.
Only three criteria
not enough
Dr.
Dao Van Khanh told Tuoi Tre that the Human Development Index of the United
Nations should be considered as a basis for assessing whether “a country is in
happiness” or not. The UN 2011 HDI was calculated based on many criteria such
as income, education, health, life expectancy, economic conditions, gender
equality, and sustainable development.
According
to the index, Norway lead the world in “experienced well-being”, followed by
Australia, the US, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Germany and
Sweden.
“I
do not know how NEF has conducted its survey, but the ranking by the UN is much
more accurate since it is determined based on a combination of a series of
criteria, not only three, as used by NEF. Rankings should be made by reputable
global organizations and be based on sufficient and proper criteria,” Khanh
said.
Many
respondents in the NEF’s survey might simply think that Vietnam “is
experiencing well-being” since it has improved its standing from a poor country
to be placed among the group of developing countries of low-medium income, he
added.
Tran
Ngoc Them, a PhD in Science, meanwhile, stated that the environment in Vietnam
is seriously polluted, food has been found to contain banned preservatives, and
many people suffer from diseases. These factors must affect the longevity of
Vietnamese people.
It
is necessary to review the method used by the NEF in making its environmental
assessments. In general, the survey is not of much social significance. It can
be seen as a “pocket interview” only, Them said.
Vietnam
has achieved much recently, but it has yet to become one of the “Asian
dragons”, although it has ambitions to attain this title.
Vietnam
is not a country with high longevity. There remain many problems in the fields
of education, health and natural resource exploitation, Them lamented.
“I
think that the NEF might have its own specific method of assessment and might
have put focus on certain fields in their overall calculation, which gave
Vietnam higher scores than other countries and placed it second,” Them said.
The
NEF is a London-based NGO that was founded in 1986 by the leaders of The Other
Economic Summit (TOES) with the aim of working for a new model of wealth
creation based on equality, diversity and economic stability.
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